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Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 193-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0608-0

摘要： Recently the porous bilayer wood solar collectors have drawn increasing attention because of their potential application in solar desalination. In this paper, a thermodynamic model has been developed to analyze the performance of the wood solar collector. A modeling analysis has also been conducted to assess the performance and operating conditions of the multiple effect desalination (MED) system integrated with the porous wood solar collector. Specifically, the effects of operating parameters, such as the motive steam temperature, seawater flow rate, input solar energy and number of effects on the energy consumption for each ton of distilled water produced have been investigated in the MED desalination system combined with the bilayer wood solar steam generator. It is found that, under a given operating condition, there exists an optimum steam generation temperature of around 145°C in the wood solar collector, so that the specific power consumption in the MED system reaches a minimum value of 24.88 kWh/t. The average temperature difference is significantly affected by the solar heating capacity. With the solar capacity increasing from 50 kW to 230 kW, the average temperature difference increases from 1.88°C to 6.27°C. This parametric simulation study will help the design of efficient bilayer wood solar steam generator as well as the MED desalination system.

关键词： solar energy     steam generating     multi-effect desalination    

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城市规划中抗震减灾的新构想——“强震发生断层”的发现和启示

李玶,杨美娥,赵东芝

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第7期   页码 1-6

摘要：

不是所有的活断层都会发生破坏性地震（５～６级以上），只有其中的极少数在未来数十年、数百年内有可能发生强震，特称之为强震发生断层。这种断层有一定宽度，一般为数米、数十米到数百米或更多。在断层范围内，地震波峰值加速度陡增，烈度可增加２°～３°或更多，抗震设计很困难。断层范围外，烈度随着离震中距离的增大而减弱，抗震按常规设计即可；台湾集集地震的观测数据却提示，0.15g 的抗震设计，竟能抵御 0.5g 的破坏，抗震设计采用的地震动参数，蕴藏着巨大的抗震潜能，这使建筑物抗震达到人员零死亡的目标成为可能。强震发生断层的识别和圈定，从地震构造学的角度解决了地震预报的时、空、强三个要素。城市规划中在采用诸多有关抗震规范时，应考虑强震发生断层的有无及其增震作用，提请有关部门对规范作必要的修改和补充。

关键词： 城市规划     抗震减灾     活断层     强震发生断层     强震发生断层的增震作用    

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Antioxidative potential of metformin: Possible protective mechanism against generating OH radicals

Huibin Guo, Ning Wang, Xiang Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1313-2

摘要： Abstract • Metformin consumes O2−• and OH• induced by PM are proposed. • OH• dominated the oxidation of metformin compared with O2−• • Metformin can prevent the harm of ROS induced by PM to human health. • Antioxidative potential of metformin was first proposed to provide measures. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress and endangers human health. In this study, the effects of metformin on PM-induced radicals were investigated, and the antioxidation reaction mechanism of metformin was analyzed by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The corresponding results revealed that the consumption rate of dithiothreitol (DTT) increased as the metformin concentration (0–40 mmol/L) increased under exposure to PM active components. Moreover, the OH radical content decreased as the metformin concentration increased. This result may be related to the consumption of PM-induced OH radicals by metformin, which promotes the DTT consumption rate. Additionally, because the initiation reaction has a high barrier, the oxidation reaction rate between metformin and •O2− is not very fast, although various catalysts may be present in the human environment. Importantly, we found that the barrier of metformin induced by OH radicals is only 9.6 kcal/mol while the barrier of metformin induced by oxygen is 57.9 kcal/mol, which shows that the rate of the •OH-initiated oxidative reaction of metformin is much faster and that this reaction path occurs more easily. By sample analysis, the mean OH radical generation was 55 nmol/min/g (ranging from 5 to 105 nmol/min/g) on haze days and 30 nmol/min/g (ranging from 10 to 50 nmol/min/g) on non-haze days. Moreover, OH radical generation was higher on haze days than on neighboring non-haze days. Taken together, all data suggest that metformin could consume the PM-induced radicals, such as OH radicals and •O2−, thereby providing health protection.

关键词： Antioxidative potential     Metformin     Mechanism     OH radical     Health protection.    

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A novel method for generating distillation configurations

Hongzhe Hou, Yiqing Luo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 834-846 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1855-7

摘要： An improved matrix method for generating distillation configurations with ( −1) and less than ( −1) columns was proposed for the separation of an -component mixture into essentially pure product streams based on the concepts of streams matrix and 0–1 matrixes proposed by Agrawal. In contrast with the matrix method developed by Agrawal, the present method removes the intermediate process centered on the splits, and complex column configurations, allowing the direct generation of multi-feeds and multi-product streams. Furthermore, certain configurations that cannot be generated directly and that are missing in the matrix method are obtained. Through rigorous simulations and optimization, we have demonstrated that these configurations have the potential to outperform certain existing configurations.

关键词： non-sharp separation     multicomponent distillation     distillation configurations    

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Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 415-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1725-8

摘要： Catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles was carried out using a self-made laboratory reactor to determine the intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion under varying pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa) and superficial gas flow velocities (GFVs) of 13.8–68.8 cm?s . In order to estimate the gas release rate at a low GFV, the transported effect of effluent gas on the temporal gasification rate pattern was simulated by the Fluent computation and verified experimentally. The external mass transfer coefficients ( ) and the effectiveness factors were determined at lower GFVs, based on the intrinsic gasification rate obtained at a high GFV of 55.0 cm?s . The was found to be almost invariable in a wider carbon conversion of 0.2–0.7. The variations of at a median carbon conversion with GFV, temperature and pressure were found to follow a modified Chilton-Colburn correlation: (0.04< <0.19), where is total pressure and is atmospheric pressure. An intrinsic kinetics/external diffusion integrating model could well describe the gasification rate as a function of GFV, temperature and pressure over a whole gasification process.

关键词： coal char     catalytic steam gasification     pressure     kinetics     diffusion    

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Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 321-335 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0741-4

摘要： An advanced cogeneration system based on biomass direct combustion was developed and its feasibility was demonstrated. In place of the traditional single heat source (extraction steam), the extraction steam from the turbine, the cooling water from the plant condenser, and the low-pressure feedwater from the feedwater preheating system were collectively used for producing district heat in the new scheme. Hence, a remarkable energy-saving effect could be achieved, improving the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system. The thermodynamic and economic performance of the novel system was examined when taking a 35 MW biomass-fired cogeneration unit for case study. Once the biomass feed rate and net thermal production remain constant, an increment of 1.36 MW can be expected in the net electric production, because of the recommended upgrading. Consequently, the total system efficiency and effective electrical efficiency augmented by 1.23 and 1.50 percentage points. The inherent mechanism of performance enhancement was investigated from the energy and exergy aspects. The economic study indicates that the dynamic payback period of the retrofitting project is merely 1.20 years, with a net present value of 5796.0 k$. In conclusion, the proposed concept is validated to be advantageous and profitable.

关键词： biomass-fired cogeneration     district heat production system     absorption heat pump     extraction steam     cooling water     low-pressure feedwater    

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High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0741-z

摘要： Many heat transfer tubes are distributed on the tube plates of a steam generator that requires periodic inspection by robots. Existing inspection robots are usually involved in issues: Robots with manipulators need complicated installation due to their fixed base; tube mobile robots suffer from low running efficiency because of their structural restricts. Since there are thousands of tubes to be checked, task planning is essential to guarantee the precise, orderly, and efficient inspection process. Most in-service robots check the task tubes using row-by-row and column-by-column planning. This leads to unnecessary inspections, resulting in a long shutdown and affecting the regular operation of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, this paper introduces the structure and control system of a dexterous robot and proposes a task planning method. This method proceeds into three steps: task allocation, base position search, and sequence planning. To allocate the task regions, this method calculates the tool work matrix and proposes a criterion to evaluate a sub-region. And then all tasks contained in the sub-region are considered globally to search the base positions. Lastly, we apply an improved ant colony algorithm for base sequence planning and determine the inspection orders according to the planned path. We validated the optimized algorithm by conducting task planning experiments using our robot on a tube sheet. The results show that the proposed method can accomplish full task coverage with few repetitive or redundant inspections and it increases the efficiency by 33.31% compared to the traditional planning algorithms.

关键词： steam generator transfer tubes     mobile robot     dexterous structure     task planning     efficient inspection    

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A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 193-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0268-0

摘要： Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm ) , which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MSW and the fly ash percentage in the total ash.

关键词： municipal solid waste (MSW)     steam drying     gasification and melting    

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Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with

Yan LUO, Xiaoze DU, Lijun YANG, Chao XU, Muhammad AMJAD

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0503-5

摘要： Solar multiple (SM) and thermal storage capacity are two key design parameters for revealing the performance of direct steam generation (DSG) solar power tower plant. In the case of settled land area, SM and thermal storage capacity can be optimized to obtain the minimum levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by adjusting the power generation output. Taking the dual-receiver DSG solar power tower plant with a given size of solar field equivalent electricity of 100 MW in Sevilla as a reference case, the minimum LCOE is 21.77 ￠/kWh with an SM of 1.7 and a thermal storage capacity of 3 h. Besides Sevilla, two other sites are also introduced to discuss the influence of annual DNI. When compared with the case of Sevilla, the minimum LCOE and optimal SM of the San Jose site change just slightly, while the minimum LCOE of the Bishop site decreases by 32.8% and the optimal SM is reduced to 1.3. The influence of the size of solar field equivalent electricity is studied as well. The minimum LCOE decreases with the size of solar field, while the optimal SM and thermal storage capacity still remain unchanged. In addition, the sensitivity of different investment in sub-system is investigated. In terms of optimal SM and thermal storage capacity, they can decrease with the cost of thermal storage system but increase with the cost of power generation unit.

关键词： direct steam generation     solar power tower     solar multiple     thermal energy storage capacity     levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)    

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Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 167-174 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0308-4

摘要： Mechanical waste-processing methods, which combine crushing and separation processes for the recovery of valuable materials, have been widely applied in waste printed wiring board (PWB) treatment. However, both the high impact toughness and the tensile and flexural strengths of whole PWB with a laminated structure result in great energy consumption and severe abrasion of the cutters during multi-level crushing. In addition, the high temperatures occurring in continual crushing probably cause the decomposition of the polymer matrix. A thermal-crack method using residual steam as the heating medium has been developed to pre-treat waste PWBs. This treatment reduces the mechanical strength in order to improve the recovery rate of valuable materials in subsequent mechanical recycling. The changes of the PWBs’ macro-mechanical properties were studied to evaluate thermal expansion impacts associated with changes in temperature, and the dynamic dislocation micro-structures were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The results showed that thermal cracking with steam at the temperature of 500 K can effectively attenuate the mechanical properties of waste PWBs, by reducing the impact, tensile and flexural strengths respectively, by 59.2%, 49.3% and 51.4%, compared to untreated PWB. Thermal expansion can also facilitate the separation of copper from glass fiber by reducing peel resistance by 95.4% at 500 K. It was revealed that the flexural fracture was a transverse cracking caused by concentrated stress when the heating temperature was less than 500 K, and shifted to a vertical cracking after exceeding 500 K.

关键词： waste printed wiring board (PWB)     residue steam     thermal-crack     mechanical properties    

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Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1582-z

摘要：

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device.

关键词： Steam-enhanced extraction     Electrical resistance heating     Dense nonaqueous phase liquid     Soil remediation     Energy consumption    

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Numerical simulation of a new hollow stationary dehumidity blade in last stage of steam turbine

Youmin HOU, Danmei XIE, Wangfan LI, Xinggang YU, Yang SHI, Hanshi QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 288-296 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0160-z

摘要： As a result of adopting saturation steam and long blade, problems of water erosion of last stage blade for steam turbine become more prominent. In order to improve the operation reliability and efficiency of steam turbine, it is necessary to investigate the nonequilibrium condensing wet steam two phase flow and the dehumidity method. A wet steam model with user defined function based on FLUENT software was investigated to simulate the steam condensing flow in the cascades. The simulation consequences show that the pressure variations in simulation depict a good agreement with the experiment data. On the basis of the discrete phase model simulation results and experiment data, the efficiency of existing dehumidity blade with suction slot was calculated. A new stationary dehumidity blade was designed to elevate the dehumidity efficiency: the efficiency in the suction surface was increased by 21.5%, and that in the pressure surface was increased by 12.2%.

关键词： steam turbine     hollow stationary blade     dehumidity     numerical simulation    

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Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure

Ammaru Ismaila, Xueli Chen, Xin Gao, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 60-71 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1975-0

摘要： Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis of steam reforming of glycerol (SRG) for selective hydrogen production was performed based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation method. The ideal SRG reaction (C H O +3H O→3CO +7H ) and a comprehensive set of side reactions during SRG are considered for the formation of a wide range of products. Specifically, this work focused on the analysis of formation of H CO , CO and CH in the gas phase and determination of the carbon free region in SRG under the conditions at atmospheric pressure, 600€K–1100€K and 1.013 × 10 –1.013 × 10 Pa with the steam-to-glycerol feed ratios (SGFR) of 1:5–10. The reaction conditions which favoured SRG for H production with minimum coke formation were identifies as: atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 900€K–1050€K and SGFR of 10:1. The influence of using the inert carrier gas (i.e., N ) in SRG was studied as well at atmospheric pressure. Although the presence of N in the stream decreased the partial pressure of reactants, it was beneficial to improve the equilibrium yield of H . Under both conditions of SRG (with/without inert gas), the CH production is minimised, and carbon formation was thermodynamically unfavoured at steam rich conditions of SGFR>5:1.

关键词： steam reforming of glycerol     H2     N2     carbon deposition     thermodynamic analysis     Gibbs free energy minimisation    

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A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 123-128 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019309

摘要：

The recent development of genome editing technologies has given researchers unprecedented power to alter DNA sequences at chosen genomic loci, thereby generating various genetically edited animal models. This mini-review briefly summarizes the development of major genome editing tools, focusing on the application of these tools to generate animal models in multiple species.

关键词： animal model     CRISPR     genome editing     TALEN     ZFN    

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1000 MW ultra-supercritical turbine steam parameter optimization

FENG Weizhong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 187-193 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0030-5

摘要： The 2 × 1000 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Phase III project, which uses grid frequency regulation and overload control through an overload valve, is manufactured by Shanghai Turbine Company using Siemens technology. Through optimization, the steam pressure is regarded as the criterion between constant pressure and sliding pressure operation. At high circulating water temperature, the turbine overload valve is kept closed when the unit load is lower than 1000 MW while at other circulating water temperatures the turbine can run in sliding pressure operation when the unit load is higher than 1000 MW and the pressure is lower than 27 MPa This increases the unit operation efficiency. The 3D bending technology in the critical piping helps to reduce the project investment and minimize the reheat system pressure drop which improves the unit operation efficiency and safety. By choosing lower circulating water design temperature and by setting the individual Boiler Feedwater Turbine condenser to reduce the exhaust steam flow and the heat load to the main condenser, the unit average back pressure and the terminal temperature difference are minimized. Therefore, the unit heat efficiency is increased.
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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

期刊论文

城市规划中抗震减灾的新构想——“强震发生断层”的发现和启示

李玶,杨美娥,赵东芝

期刊论文

Antioxidative potential of metformin: Possible protective mechanism against generating OH radicals

Huibin Guo, Ning Wang, Xiang Li

期刊论文

A novel method for generating distillation configurations

Hongzhe Hou, Yiqing Luo

期刊论文

Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

期刊论文

Performance evaluation of an improved biomass-fired cogeneration system simultaneously using extraction steam

期刊论文

High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam

期刊论文

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

期刊论文

Impacts of solar multiple on the performance of direct steam generation solar power tower plant with

Yan LUO, Xiaoze DU, Lijun YANG, Chao XU, Muhammad AMJAD

期刊论文

Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

期刊论文

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of a new hollow stationary dehumidity blade in last stage of steam turbine

Youmin HOU, Danmei XIE, Wangfan LI, Xinggang YU, Yang SHI, Hanshi QIN

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure

Ammaru Ismaila, Xueli Chen, Xin Gao, Xiaolei Fan

期刊论文

A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

期刊论文

1000 MW ultra-supercritical turbine steam parameter optimization

FENG Weizhong

期刊论文